Situational Awareness & Incident Management SAIM2014. 5th JRC ECML Crisis Management Technology Workshop

The 5th JRC ECML Crisis Management Technology Workshop on Software and data formats used in Crisis Management Rooms and Situation Monitoring Centres for information collection and display, organised by the European Commission Joint Research Centre in collaboration with the DRIVER Consortium Partners, took place in the European Crisis Management Laboratory (ECML) of the JRC in Ispra, Italy, from 16 to 18 June 2014. 32 participants from stakeholders in civil protection, academia, and industry attended the workshop. The workshop's purpose was to present, demonstrate, and explore IT solutions for Situation Awareness and Incident Management and the related design considerations, applied within the context of humanitarian aid and civil protection. During the first day the demonstrators set up in the JRC environment. A week before they were provided the contents to be processed. The second day was devoted to the presentations including: - Beyond the Myth of Control: toward the Trading Zone by Kees Boersma & Jeroen Wolbers, Department of Organization Sciences, VU University of Amsterdam - The organizers’ descriptions, the JRC and the DRIVER project - The software to be demonstrated on day three - Data exchange Challenges (From computer-readable data to meaningful information) by Christian Flachberger, FREQUENTIS AGJRC.G.2-Global security and crisis managemen

Real and Monetary Policy Convergence: EMU Crisis to the CFA Zone

A major lesson of the EMU crisis is that serious disequilibria result from regional monetary arrangements not designed to be robust to a variety of shocks. The purpose of this paper is to assess these disequilibria within the CEMAC, UEMOA and CFA zones. In the assessments, monetary policy targets inflation and financial dynamics of depth, efficiency, activity and size while real sector policy targets economic performance in terms of GDP growth. We also provide the speed of convergence and time required to achieve a 100% convergence. But for financial intermediary size within the CFA zone, findings for the most part support only unconditional convergence. There is no form of convergence within the CEMAC zone. The broad insignificance of conditional convergence results have substantial policy implications. Monetary and real policies which are often homogenous for member states are thwarted by heterogeneous structural and institutional characteristics which give rise to different levels and patterns of financial intermediary development. Therefore member states should work towards harmonizing cross-country differences in structural and institutional characteristics that hamper the effectiveness of monetary policies

Approche moléculaire de l adaptation différentielle d'un poisson laguno-marin (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) en populations naturelles et d'élevage

L'identification de marqueurs génétiques liés à des gènes permet une exploration des éventuelles corrélations existant entre leur variabilité génétique et des pressions sélectives portant sur les gènes, aussi bien dans un contexte de populations expérimentales que naturelles. Chez le loup de mer (Dicentrarchus labrax), douze locus associés à des gènes - dont quatre associés aux gènes de l'hormone de croissance (GH), la somatolactine (SL) ou l'IGF-1- et huit locus anonymes ont servi à mener une étude multi-échelle de la différenciation génétique. La structure en trois bassins connue chez cette espèce a été confirmée mais les locus liés aux gènes ont montré une différenciation significativement plus forte que les locus anonymes et impliquant des barrières aux flux géniques nucléaires supérieures à celles admises jusqu'alors. A l'échelle mer-lagune, aucune image cohérente de différenciation génétique n'a pu être obtenue. Parallèlement, une expérience d'acclimatation à l'eau douce a été réalisée. Si les individus soumis à la désalure ont subi une mortalité importante, aucune différence génétique significative n'est observée entre les individus ayant survécu au traitement et ceux restés en eau de mer, excepté pour un locus EIF3E. Ces résultats ont révélé une composante familiale liée à l'expérimentation, mais les déterminismes génétiques sous-jacents restent obscurs. L'utilisation de marqueurs liés à des gènes a permis de révéler l'implication au moins indirecte de certains de ces gènes dans la mise en place d'une structuration génétique de l'espèce, mais également dans la réponse physiologique des individus à un stress environnemental pouvant être rencontré en conditions naturelles.The identification of gene-linked genetic markers allows the exploration of potential correlations between their genetic variability and selective pressures acting on the genes in both natural and experimental populations. In Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax), twelve gene-associated loci four of them linked to Growth Hormone gene (GH), Somatolactin (SL) or IGF-1- and height anonymous loci were used in a multi-scale study of the genetic differentiation. The structure in three basins know in this species is well confirmed with gene-linked markers bearing a significantly higher differentiation than anonymous loci implying some stronger barriers to nuclear gene flow than admitted so far. At the open sea-lagoon scale, no coherent picture can be drawn from the different tests performed. A fresh water acclimation experiment was carried out in parallel. If numerous fishes in low-salt conditions died, the survivors are not genetically different from that maintained in salted water except for one locus EIF3E. These results can be partially explained by a family component but the genetic determinism is not elucidated yet. The use of gene-linked markers succeeded in revealing the involvement, at least indirect, of some of the genes in the edification of a genetic structure inside the species but also in the physiological response of the fishes to an environmental stress that can be encountered in natural conditions.MONTPELLIER-BU Sciences (341722106) / SudocSudocFranceF

Physiological changes in Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas exposed to the herpesvirus OsHV-1 μvar

Since 2008, mass mortality events of Crassostrea gigas have been occurring along the French coast when seawater temperature exceeds 16ºC. These mortality events are related to a particular genotype of the ostreid herpesvirus named OsHV-1 μvar. The present study aimed to detail various physiological aspects underlying the onset of the disease. In the laboratory, both exposed (infected) and naïve (healthy) oysters were maintained at 13.0°C and 20.6ºC. These temperatures were respectively lower and higher than the threshold values of 16°C at which the disease generally occur. At 20.6ºC, exposed oysters were characterized by a reduction in energetic reserves (carbohydrates and triglycerides) together with a decrease in protein content. Sterols levels were lower in exposed oysters than in naïve individuals, irrespective of temperature. Finally, activities of some key enzymes related to energetics were similar in exposed and naïve oysters and did not change with temperature. This result suggests that although energetic reserves were being diminished in infected oysters, their metabolic activities remained similar to that of healthy animals

Low pH reduced survival of the oyster Crassostrea gigas exposed to the Ostreid herpesvirus 1 by altering the metabolic response of the host

WOS:000458730400020International audienceEnvironmental change in the marine realm has been accompanied by emerging diseases as new pathogens evolve to take advantage of hosts weakened by environmental stress. Here we investigated how an exposure to reduced seawater pH influenced the response of the oyster Crassostrea gigas to an infection by the Ostreid herpesvirus type I (OsHV-1). Oysters were acclimated at pH 8.1 or pH 7.8 and then exposed to OsHV-1. Their survival was monitored and oyster tissues were sampled for biochemical analyses. The survival of oysters exposed to OsHV-1 at pH 7.8 was lower (33.5%) than that of their counterparts at pH 8.1 (44.8%) whereas levels of OsHV-1 DNA were similar. Energetic reserves, fatty acid composition and prostaglandin levels in oyster did not vary consistently with pH, infection or their interactions. However, there was a reduction in the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in oysters at low pH, which is associated with the observed difference in survival

Planned delivery route and outcomes of cephalic singletons born spontaneously at 24‐31 weeks’ gestation: The EPIPAGE‐2 cohort study

International audienceIntroduction The objective of this study was to investigate the association between planned mode of delivery and neonatal outcomes with spontaneous very preterm birth among singletons in cephalic presentation. Material and methods Etude Epidemiologique sur les Petits Ages Gestationnels 2is a French national, prospective, population-based cohort study of preterm infants. For this study, we included women with a singleton cephalic pregnancy and spontaneous preterm labor or preterm premature rupture of membranes at 24-31 weeks' gestation. The main exposure was the planned mode of delivery (ie planned vaginal delivery or planned cesarean delivery at the initiation of labor). The primary outcome was survival at discharge and secondary outcome survival at discharge without severe morbidity. Propensity scores were used to minimize indication bias in estimating the association. Results The study population consisted of 1008 women: 206 (20.4%) had planned cesarean delivery and 802 (79.6%) planned vaginal delivery. In all, 723 (90.2%) finally had a vaginal delivery. Overall, 187 (92.0%) and 681 (87.0%) neonates in the planned cesarean delivery and planned vaginal delivery groups were discharged alive, and 156 (77.6%) and 590 (76.3%) were discharged alive without severe morbidity. After matching on propensity score, planned cesarean delivery was not associated with survival (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.05, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.48-2.28) or survival without severe morbidity (aOR 0.64, 95% CI 0.36-1.16). Conclusions Planned cesarean delivery for cephalic presentation at 24-31 weeks' gestation after preterm labor or preterm premature rupture of membranes does not improve neonatal outcomes

Planned delivery route and outcomes of cephalic singletons born spontaneously at 24‐31 weeks’ gestation: The EPIPAGE‐2 cohort study

International audienceIntroduction The objective of this study was to investigate the association between planned mode of delivery and neonatal outcomes with spontaneous very preterm birth among singletons in cephalic presentation. Material and methods Etude Epidemiologique sur les Petits Ages Gestationnels 2is a French national, prospective, population-based cohort study of preterm infants. For this study, we included women with a singleton cephalic pregnancy and spontaneous preterm labor or preterm premature rupture of membranes at 24-31 weeks' gestation. The main exposure was the planned mode of delivery (ie planned vaginal delivery or planned cesarean delivery at the initiation of labor). The primary outcome was survival at discharge and secondary outcome survival at discharge without severe morbidity. Propensity scores were used to minimize indication bias in estimating the association. Results The study population consisted of 1008 women: 206 (20.4%) had planned cesarean delivery and 802 (79.6%) planned vaginal delivery. In all, 723 (90.2%) finally had a vaginal delivery. Overall, 187 (92.0%) and 681 (87.0%) neonates in the planned cesarean delivery and planned vaginal delivery groups were discharged alive, and 156 (77.6%) and 590 (76.3%) were discharged alive without severe morbidity. After matching on propensity score, planned cesarean delivery was not associated with survival (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.05, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.48-2.28) or survival without severe morbidity (aOR 0.64, 95% CI 0.36-1.16). Conclusions Planned cesarean delivery for cephalic presentation at 24-31 weeks' gestation after preterm labor or preterm premature rupture of membranes does not improve neonatal outcomes

Influence of one selected Tisochrysis lutea strain rich in lipids on Crassostrea gigas larval development and biochemical composition

Effects of a remarkably high overall lipid Tisochrysis lutea strain (T+) upon gross biochemical composition, fatty acid (FA), sterol and lipid class composition of Crassostrea gigas larvae were evaluated and compared with a normal strain of Tisochrysis lutea (T) and the diatom Chaetoceros neogracile (Cg). In a first experiment, the influence of different single diets (T, T+ and Cg) and a bispecific diet (TCg) was studied, whereas, effects of monospecific diets (T and T+) and bispecific diets (TCg and T+Cg) were evaluated in a second experiment. The strain T+ was very rich in triglycerides (TAG: 93–95% of total neutral lipids), saturated FA (45%), monounsaturated FA (31–33%) and total fatty acids (4.0–4.7 pg cell−1). Larval oyster survival and growth rate were positively correlated with 18:1n-7 and 20:1n-7, in storage lipids (SL), and negatively related to 14:0, 18:1n-9, 20:1n-9, 20:4n-6 and trans-22-dehydrocholesterol in membrane lipids (ML). Surprisingly, only the essential fatty acid 20:5n-3 in SL was correlated positively with larval survival. Correlations suggest that physiological disruption by overabundance of TAG, FFA and certain fatty acids in larvae fed T+ was largely responsible for the poor performance of these larvae. ‘High-lipid’ strains of microalgae, without regard to qualitative lipid composition, do not always improve bivalve larval performance